Fig. 1
From: β-hydroxybutyrate and ischemic stroke: roles and mechanisms
BHB synthesis and decomposition. Fatty acids are β-oxidized to acetyl-coA in the liver. When oxaloacetate is insufficient, acetyl-coA is converted to acetoacetyl-coA and then to HMG-CoA. HMG-COA can be converted to AcAc and subsequently to acetone or BHB. AcAc and BHB can be converted into acetyl-coA in a variety of human tissues after being released from the liver. This figure was drawn by Figdraw