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  2. Cytoskeletal remodeling drives morphological changes. Septin cytoskeleton assembles into hetero-oligomers. We previously demonstrated that late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) induces smooth endoplasmic r...

    Authors: Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Masato Mizukami, Itsuki Kinoshita, Yurika Asami, Tomoki Nishioka, Haruhiko Bito, Kozo Kaibuchi and Makoto Kinoshita
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:43
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  3. Exercise evokes many physiological changes, including the release of hormones and growth factors that are known to improve cognition via unknown mechanisms. Here, we have compared the ability of two physiologi...

    Authors: Jonathan S. Thacker, Liam T. Ralph, Laura Koek, Aram Abbasian, Luis B. Bettio, Ashleigh S. Smith, John Georgiou, Brian R. Christie and Graham L. Collingridge
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:42
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  4. Kv1.3 channels in microglia are pivotal in regulating neuroinflammation. The antipsychotic chlorpromazine (CPZ) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing Kv1.3 activity in mPFC microglia. However, t...

    Authors: Seo-In Park, Soobeen Hwang, Young Lee, Hee-Yoon Lee, Soohyun Kim, Junseo Hong, Su-Hyun Jo and Se-Young Choi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:41
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  5. Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a significant cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction. Following this injury, activated microglia can lead to a series of inflammatory responses. Gastrodin ...

    Authors: Haolong Shi, Jinsha Shi, Zhao Wang, Hanjun Zuo, Tao Guo, Huixin Zheng, Rong Xiao, Xinglin Zhang, Shuhan Yang and Juanjuan Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Astrocytes are critical in regulating synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal dorsal horn (SDH) is a crucial region that processes and integrates somatosensory information from th...

    Authors: Itsuki Kagiyama, Sawako Uchiyama and Makoto Tsuda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:39
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  7. Associated to glutamatergic neurotransmission, Neuroligin-1 (NLGN1) is a synaptic adhesion molecule with roles in the regulation of behavioral states and cognitive function. It was shown to shape electrocortic...

    Authors: Cassandra C. Areal, Nicolas Lemmetti, Tanya Leduc, Clément Bourguignon, Jean-Marc Lina, Erika Bélanger-Nelson and Valérie Mongrain
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Pericytes in the central nervous system are essential for maintaining blood-brain barrier function, regulating blood flow, modulating immune responses, and interacting closely with surrounding cells of the neu...

    Authors: Taylor J. Stevenson, Kahee Lee, Susan Li, Johanna M. Montgomery, Kevin Y. Lee and Michael Dragunow
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:37
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  9. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of tau protein fibrils, together with brain inflammation and synaptic loss, are neuropathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s...

    Authors: Yin Yang, Tomas Ondrejcak, Neng-Wei Hu, Igor Klyubin and Michael J. Rowan
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Limited spontaneous recovery occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, current knowledge indicates that multiple forms of axon growth in spared axons can lead to circuit reorganization. Intravenous infus...

    Authors: Ryosuke Hirota, Masanori Sasaki, Atsushi Teramoto, Toshihiko Yamashita, Jeffery D. Kocsis and Osamu Honmou
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:35
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  12. Mapping the neural circuit of a specific neuronal subclass is central to understanding the working mechanism of the brain. Currently, numerous types of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase have been engi...

    Authors: Hu You, Wang Qinghan, Sun Kangyixin, Yang Jia, Xu Fuqiang and Jia Fan
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:33
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  14. Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition associated with various neurological disorders affecting multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus. In this study, we...

    Authors: Alzbeta Filipova, Matus Tomko, Katarina Ondacova, Lucia Dubiel-Hoppanova, Nikola Chmúrčiaková, Leoš Cmarko, Robin N. Stringer, Norbert Weiss and Lubica Lacinova
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:31
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  15. Fear extinction training in rodents decreases fear responses, providing a model for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder therapeutics. Fear memory recall reactivates the consolidated fear memory t...

    Authors: Yongmin Sung, Dae Hee Han, Junhyuk Kim, Pojeong Park and Bong-Kiun Kaang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:30
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  17. In mammalian brains, astroglia presence near glutamatergic excitatory synapses has generated the term “tripartite” junctions, based on the close association of astrocytic processes near the active zone formed ...

    Authors: Jung-Hwa Tao-Cheng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Klotho, a well-known aging suppressor protein, has been implicated in neuroprotection and the regulation of neuronal senescence. While previous studies have demonstrated its anti-aging properties in human brai...

    Authors: Mohammed R. Shaker, Salam Salloum-Asfar, Rowaida Z. Taha, Ibrahim Javed and Ernst J. Wolvetang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:27
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  19. Mutations in CACNA1C, the gene encoding Cav1.2 voltage-gated calcium channels, are associated with a spectrum of disorders, including Timothy syndrome and other neurodevelopmental and cardiac conditions. In this ...

    Authors: Robin N. Stringer, Xuechen Tang, Bohumila Jurkovicova-Tarabova, Mary Murphy, Klaus R. Liedl and Norbert Weiss
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:26
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  20. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is inhibited by chronic psychological stress and impaired neurogenesis underlies stress-related psychological disorders. We previously reported that chronic restraint stress (CRS...

    Authors: Hyeonjeong Jeong, Seongwon Choe, Seonghee Jung and Seong-Woon Yu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:25
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  22. Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in specific hallucinogenic mushrooms, is known to induce changes in visual perception and experience in humans. However, there is little knowledge of the molecular mech...

    Authors: Ram Harari, Dmitriy Getselter and Evan Elliott
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:23
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  23. Alpha-bisabolol and camphene have demonstrated analgesic effects in inflammatory pain models by blocking Cav3.2 calcium channels. As the pain pathway overlaps with mechanisms for itch, and because Cav3.2 chann...

    Authors: Flavia T. T. Antunes, Vinicius M. Gadotti and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:22
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  24. To investigate the effects of moderate ethanol exposure on glucose metabolism in APP/PS1 mice, an early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model, we employed an fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-micro-positron emis...

    Authors: Shinwoo Kang, Jeyeon Lee, Paul H. Min and Doo-Sup Choi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:21
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  25. Neurexins are presynaptic plasma membrane proteins that regulate key aspects of synapse physiology through the formation of transcellular complexes with postsynaptic ligands, including neuroligins (Nlgns). Eac...

    Authors: Francisco Arias-Aragón, Estefanía Robles-Lanuza, Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Amalia Martinez-Mir and Francisco G. Scholl
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Peptide drug technologies offer powerful approaches to develop potent and selective lead molecules for therapeutic and research applications. However, new and optimized delivery approaches are necessary to ove...

    Authors: Bar Izkovich, Adonis Yiannakas, Sapir Ne’eman, Sailendrakumar Kolatt Chandran, Kobi Rosenblum and Efrat Edry
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Animals adaptively regulate aversive memories in safe environments through extinction, a process central to exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. The limbic thalamus controls cognitive function in concert wi...

    Authors: Yuki Mochizuki, Asuka Joji-Nishino, Kazuo Emoto and Akira Uematsu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Following intracerebral hemorrhage, mitigating oxidative stress and removing excess iron are critical strategies for reducing secondary brain injury and improving neurological outcomes. In vitro, we synthesize...

    Authors: Guangyu Jia, Xinyu Yang, Yamei Yu, Yuanyuan Li, Zhe Zhang, Xiaolong Tang, Qi Wang, Heqing Zheng, Yao Xiao, Shiyong Li and Ye Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) is a nonselective cation channel involved in synaptic plasticity. We investigated its role in contextual fear conditioning and extinction of conditioned f...

    Authors: Seung Yeon Ko, Do Gyeong Kim, Huiju Lee, Sung Jun Jung and Hyeon Son
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2025 18:34

  30. The TREM1 receptor, a member of the TREMs family, is expressed by myeloid cells and functions as an initiator or enhancer of the inflammatory response, playing a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation....

    Authors: Zhenzhen Fan, Longde Wang, Songtang Sun and Zhaoming Ge
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:15
    Content type: Review Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2025 18:24

  31. Observational fear (OF) is the ability to vicariously experience and learn from another’s fearful situation, enabling adaptive responses crucial for survival. It has been shown that the anterior cingulate cort...

    Authors: Kritika Ramesh, Indrajith R. Nair, Naoki Yamamoto, Sachie K. Ogawa, Joseph I. Terranova and Takashi Kitamura
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most common illnesses worldwide. Post-CA brain injury (PCABI) is a major cause of death and poor recovery in CA patients and the current CA treatments are not very effective. ...

    Authors: Jianfei Sun, Liping Lu, Yingtao Lian, Song Xu, Ying Zhu, Yanping Wu, Qianhui Lin, Jing Hou, Yinping Li and Zhui Yu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Angiogenesis in the ischemic penumbra compensates for microcirculatory dysfunction and promotes neuronal plasticity after stroke. However, the current understanding may be highly biased because the contributio...

    Authors: Luping Xue, Wei Ouyang, Peiyun Qi, Yan Zhu, Xiaoru Qi, Xiao Zhang, Xiangjian Zhang, Lina Wang and Lili Cui
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The microenvironment of the central nervous system is highly complex and plays a crucial role in maintaining the function of neurons, which influences Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. The pH value of the ...

    Authors: Xue Wang, Xiangqi Shao, Liang Yu, Jianru Sun, Xiang-Sha Yin, Zhen Chen, Yuanyuan Xu, Naili Wang, Di Zhang, Wenying Qiu, Fan Liu and Chao Ma
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:10
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  36. Brain regions drive multiple physiological functions through specific gene expression patterns that adapt to environmental influences, drug treatments and disease conditions. To generate a detailed atlas of th...

    Authors: François Brial, Aurélie Le Lay, Claude Rouch, Edouard Henrion, Mathieu Bourgey, Guillaume Bourque, Mark Lathrop, Christophe Magnan and Dominique Gauguier
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Recent studies have shown that abnormal activity of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) has been associated with a range of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and depression. However, the role of Asm in the...

    Authors: Huiqi Yuan, Yanan Xu, Hailun Jiang, Meizhu Jiang, Luofei Zhang, Shifeng Wei, Cao Li and Zhigang Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. It is unclear how steroid hormones contribute to stroke, and conducting randomized controlled trials to obtain related evidence is challenging. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) technique was employed in...

    Authors: Yang Zhang, Miaowen Jiang, Di Wu, Ming Li and Xunming Ji
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Cognitive processes such as action planning and decision-making require the integration of multiple sensory modalities in response to temporal cues, yet the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Sleep ...

    Authors: Ahmed Z. Ibrahim, Kareem Abdou, Masanori Nomoto, Kaori Yamada-Nomoto, Reiko Okubo-Suzuki and Kaoru Inokuchi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:4
    Content type: Micro Report Published on:

  42. Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a member of the KLF family, is closely involved in many biological processes. However, the mechanism by which KLF15 regulates neural development is still unclear. Considering th...

    Authors: Dan Li, Shuijing Cao, Yanrong Chen, Yueyan Liu, Kugeng Huo, Zhuangqi Shi, Shuxin Han and Liecheng Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Recent research has highlighted widespread dysregulation of alternative polyadenylation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP). Here, we i...

    Authors: Randall J. Eck, Paul N. Valdmanis, Nicole F. Liachko and Brian C. Kraemer
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2025 18:1
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  45. Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major obstacle to neurological recovery after clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of Nek6 al...

    Authors: Qingzhi Wang, Xinjing Liu, Jing Yuan, Ting Yang, Lan Ding, Bo Song and Yuming Xu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:96
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The vast majority of gene mutations and/or gene knockouts result in either no observable changes, or significant deficits in molecular, cellular, or organismal function. However, in a small number of cases, mu...

    Authors: Amber J. Zimmerman, Antonio Serrano-Rodriguez, Melody Sun, Sandy J. Wilson, David N. Linsenbardt, Jonathan L. Brigman and Jason P. Weick
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Coordinated activity of neuronal ensembles is a basis for information processing in the brain. Recent development of miniscope imaging technology enabled recordings of neuronal circuits activity in vivo in fre...

    Authors: Evgenii Gerasimov, Ekaterina Pchitskaya, Olga Vlasova and Ilya Bezprozvanny
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:92
    Content type: Research Published on:
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