Table 2 The effect of exogenous supplementation of BHB on stroke animal models.

Rats

Classic KD plus MCT oil diets

Mixing fat to protein and carbohydrate with a 4 to 1 ratio and 3.5 cc/day MCT oil

3 days before stroke induction and 7 days after it

A significant reduction in motor-behavior impairment

Rats

Na-BHB injected into the lateral ventricle

10 mmol/L at a delivery rate of 1 ml/h

4 days before MCAO

Significant decreased in infarct size

Mice

KD diet

Macronutrient composition of mouse diets: 89.5% fat;10.4% protein ;0.1% carb

3 weeks before MCAO

KD significantly reduced infarct area

Mice

KD diet

Macronutrient composition of mouse diets:89.5% fat ;10.4% protein ;0.1% carb

4 weeks before MCAO

A proportional decrease in infarct volumes with increased blood BHB levels

Mice

KD diet

Fed a high fat, no carbohydrate diet

3 weeks before MCAO

KD significantly reduced infarct volume

Rats

BHB injected into the lateral ventricle

BHB low-does group: 250 µg/kg

Administer medication 1 hour after MCAO, and restore perfusion 2 hours later, in total 4 µL

Lower modified neurological severity scores and smaller infarct volumes were showed in all three groups

BHB medium-does group: 500 µg/kg

BHB high-does group: 1000 µg/ kg

Rats

DL-BHB injected intraperitoneally

500 mg/kg body weight

1 hour after stroke induction

Partial amelioration of the motor deficit

Mice

Sodium BHB injected intraperitoneally

30  mg/kg

Immediate administration upon reperfusion after MCAO for 90 minutes

The score of behavioral experiments improved significantly

Mice

BHB injected subcutaneously

0.4 mmol/kg

30 minutes after MCAO

Ketone treatment reduced infarct volume and improved neurologic function