Fig. 1
From: Involvement of posterior hypothalamic CaMKII-positive neurons in ADHD-like behaviors in mice
Chemogenetic modulation of the activity of CAMKII + neurons in the PH. (A) Schematic for the injection of AAV expressing hM3Dq-mCherry or hM4Di-mCherry into the PH. (B) Confocal fluorescence imaging showing the expression of hM3Dq-mCherry in PH CaMKII + neurons (left panel) and the location of brain region on coronally sectioned brain slices at Bregma − 2.0 (right panel). (C) Schematic for loose-seal cell-attached patch clamp recordings to assess CNO effects on neuronal activity. (D) Action currents (spike) frequency changes following local application of CNO (200 µM) in hM3Dq-expressing mice group (left panel, n = 5) and of CNO (500 µM) in hM4Di-expressing mice group (right panel, n = 5). CNO was directly applied to the neurons being recorded at 0 s, indicated by the dotted line for 300 ms using a Picospritzer. Spike frequency was normalized by the average value obtained from − 10 s to − 5 s. The raster plots at the top show the temporal locations of action currents. The inset bar graphs compare the frequency of action currents between − 10 s to 0 s with that from 5 s to 15 s (*p = 0.0414, **p = 0.0018, two-tailed paired t-test)