Fig. 1
From: Surgery impairs glymphatic activity and cognitive function in aged mice
Surgery impairs glymphatic activity and cognitive function in aged mice. a, Left, Representative two-photon image showing cortical vasculature labeled with Texas Red via retro-orbital (r.o.) injection and periarterial spaces filled with the CSF tracer FITC-dextran. Middle, Schematic of intracisternal magna (i.c.m.) FITC tracer injection. Right, Experimental timeline for T maze training, testing, tracer injection, and in vivo two-photon (2P) imaging. b, Time-lapse two-photon imaging of CSF tracer influx into the cortical parenchyma in adult and aged mice. c, Quantification of CSF tracer intensity in periarteriolar spaces (n = 8 mice per group). Surgery effect in adult mice, F(1, 14) = 0.2084, P = 0.6550; in aged mice, F(1, 14) = 44.88, P < 0.0001; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. d, Novel arm preference in the T maze test (n = 8 mice per group; adult, t14 = 0.1937, P = 0.8492; aged, t14 = 2.413, P = 0.0301; two-tailed unpaired t-test). e, Correlation between fluorescent tracer intensity at 60 min post-injection and novel arm preference in aged mice (Pearson r = 0.5765, P = 0.0194). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Each dot represents data from an individual mouse. ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001. a.u., arbitrary units