Table 1 Ligands associated with TREM1

Actin

extracellular actin derived from platelets

enhance inflammatory response.

[36, 37]

HMGB1

actively secreted by activated myeloid cells;

passively released by necrotic and dead cells

promote inflammatory reactions and tumorigenesis

[41]

HSP70

released by necrotic cells

induces activation of cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets

[56]

PGLYRP1

produced by neutrophils in antibacterial granules

promote neuroinflammation

[59, 61]

eCIRP

translocated from nucleus to cytoplasmic stress granules and subsequently released into the extracellular space under stressful conditions

promote neuroinflammation

[63, 64]