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  1. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of medically-intractable epilepsy. Subicular hyperexcitability is frequently observed with TLE, presumably caused by impaired inhibition of local excitatory...

    Authors: Jianbang Lin, Jing Liu, Qi Zhang, Taian Liu, Zexuan Hong, Yi Lu, Cheng Zhong, Zhonghua Lu, Yuantao Li and Yu Hu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The histaminergic system plays a key role in modulating learning and memory, wakefulness, and energy balance. Histamine H3 receptors constitutively inhibit the synthesis and release of histamine and other neurotr...

    Authors: Sentaro Kaita, Yoshikazu Morishita, Kenta Kobayashi and Hiroshi Nomura
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:88
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Depression, a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder, involves the dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA). The restoration of DA balance is a pivotal therapeutic target for this condition. Recen...

    Authors: Tae-Yong Choi, Jeongseop Kim and Ja Wook Koo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:86
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  6. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known for its potent prosurvival effect. Despite successfully replicating this effect in various clinical and pre-clinical models, the complete characterization of t...

    Authors: Joanna Mackiewicz, Julia Tomczak, Malwina Lisek, Feng Guo and Tomasz Boczek
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:85
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  7. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor to the pathology of glaucoma. Targeting key-mediators in this process is a realistic option to slow disease progression. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding lec...

    Authors: Anne Rombaut, Rune Brautaset, Pete A. Williams and James R. Tribble
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:84
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  8. CNS tumours encompass a diverse group of neoplasms with significant morbidity and mortality. The SHH signalling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several CNS tumours, including gliomas, medu...

    Authors: Andrew Awuah Wireko, Adam Ben-Jaafar, Jonathan Sing Huk Kong, Krishitha Meenu Mannan, Vivek Sanker, Sophie-Liliane Rosenke, Allswell Naa Adjeley Boye, Princess Afia Nkrumah-Boateng, Jeisun Poornaselvan, Muhammad Hamza Shah, Toufik Abdul-Rahman and Oday Atallah
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:83
    Content type: Review Published on:

  9. P/Q-type (Cav2.1) calcium channels mediate Ca2+ influx essential for neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. The CACNA1A gene, encoding the Cav2.1 pore forming subunit, is highly expressed throughout the...

    Authors: Anne-Sophie Sack, Gennerick J. Samera, Anna Hissen, Robert J. Wester, Esperanza Garcia, Paul J. Adams and Terrance P. Snutch
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. The mechanisms through which systemic inflammation exerts its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) are still not completely understood. Exosomes are small (30 to 100 nm) membrane-bound extracellular vesi...

    Authors: Mahesh Chandra Kodali, Chinnu Salim, Saifudeen Ismael, Sarah Grace Lebovitz, Geng Lin and Francesca-Fang Liao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:80
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  12. Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids in response to long-term stress is thought to be a risk factor for major depression. Depression is associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota composition and periphe...

    Authors: Hirotaka Shoji, Yasuhiro Maeda and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Understanding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity is crucial for elucidating how the brain adapts to internal and external stimuli. A key objective of plasticity is maintaining physiological activity states ...

    Authors: Maximilian Lenz, Paul Turko, Pia Kruse, Amelie Eichler, Zhuo Angel Chen, Juri Rappsilber, Imre Vida and Andreas Vlachos
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:78
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  14. Protein turnover is crucial for cell survival, and the impairment of proteostasis leads to cell death. Aging is associated with a decline in proteostasis, as the progressive accumulation of damaged proteins is...

    Authors: Tomonori Hoshino, Atsushi Mukai, Hirofumi Yamashita, Hidemi Misawa, Makoto Urushitani, Yoshitaka Tashiro, Shu-ichi Matsuzawa and Ryosuke Takahashi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:77
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  15. The present study uses electron microscopy to document ultrastructural characteristics of hippocampal GABAergic inhibitory synapses under resting and stimulated conditions in three experimental systems. Synapt...

    Authors: Jung-Hwa Tao-Cheng, Sandra Lara Moreira and Christine A. Winters
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with high heritability, characterized by positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive abnormalities. Dysfunction in glutamate synapse is strongly implicate...

    Authors: Xiaoxuan Sun, Hu Meng, Tianlan Lu, Weihua Yue, Dai Zhang, Lifang Wang and Jun Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The relationship between working memory (WM) and neuronal oscillations can be studied in detail using brain stimulation techniques, which provide a method for modulating these oscillations and thus influencing...

    Authors: Mohammed Abubaker, Wiam Al Qasem, Kateřina Pilátová, Petr Ježdík and Eugen Kvašňák
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Working memory (WM) is essential for the temporary storage and processing of information required for complex cognitive tasks and relies on neuronal theta and gamma oscillations. Given the limited capacity of ...

    Authors: Wiam Al Qasem, Mohammed Abubaker, Kateřina Pilátová, Petr Ježdík and Eugen Kvašňák
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Abnormalities in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission play a role in the pathogenesis of autism, although the mechanisms responsible for alterations in specific brain regions remain unclear. D...

    Authors: Zuzana Bačová, Bohumila Jurkovičová-Tarabová, Tomáš Havránek, Denisa Mihalj, Veronika Borbélyová, Zdenko Pirnik, Boris Mravec, Daniela Ostatníková and Ján Bakoš
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Midazolam is widely used for intravenous sedation. However, wide interindividual variability is seen in the sensitivity to midazolam. The association between genetic factors and interindividual differences in ...

    Authors: Yoshihiko Kosaki, Daisuke Nishizawa, Junko Hasegawa, Kaori Yoshida, Kazutaka Ikeda and Tatsuya Ichinohe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Pain aversion is an avoidance response to painful stimuli. Previous research has indicated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in pain aversion processing. However, as interneurons, the role o...

    Authors: Yichen Zhu, Haiju Sun, Siqi Xiao, Zui Shen, Xixiao Zhu, Yifang Wang, Xiaofen He, Boyi Liu, Yongliang Jiang, Yi Liang, Janqiao Fang and Xiaomei Shao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. DHPS deficiency syndrome is an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) which results from biallelic mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS). DHPS is essential to synthesize hy...

    Authors: Elham Shojaeinia, Teresa L. Mastracci, Remon Soliman, Orrin Devinsky, Camila V. Esguerra and Alexander D. Crawford
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:68
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  24. Primary cilia are dynamic sensory organelles that continuously undergo structural modifications in response to environmental and cellular signals, many of which exhibit rhythmic patterns. Building on our previ...

    Authors: Kiki Chen, Kousha Changizi Ashtiani, Roudabeh Vakil Monfared, Pierre Baldi and Amal Alachkar
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. TRPM4 is a non-selective cation channel activated by intracellular Ca2+ but only permeable to monovalent cations, its activation regulates membrane potential and intracellular calcium. This channel participates i...

    Authors: Denise Riquelme, Nicole Juanchuto-Viertel, Carlos Álamos and Elias Leiva-Salcedo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:66
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  26. It is a consensus in the international manned space field that factors such as microgravity during the space flight can cause anxiety, depression and other important brain function abnormalities in astronauts....

    Authors: Yuting Li, Xu Zhang, Zhen Xu, Xixia Chu, Zhiqiang Hu, Zhengyang Ye, Caiqin Li, Zhenbo Wang, Bin Zeng, Jingyu Pan, Qian Zhao, Chengbin Zhou, Zhaohui Lan, Guanghan Kan, Guang He, Xiaodan Xu…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:65
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  27. Aerobic exercise has many effects on brain function, particularly at the hippocampus. Exercise has been shown to increase the rate of adult neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus and decrease the density of per...

    Authors: Dylan J. Terstege, Duneesha Goonetilleke, Cindy K. Barha and Jonathan R. Epp
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:64
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  29. We previously demonstrated that felodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells and wild-type mice. However, the effects of felodipine o...

    Authors: Jeong-Woo Hwang, Jeongha Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Jinhan Nam, Ji-Yeong Jang, Aran Jo, Hyun-ju Lee and Hyang-Sook Hoe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:62
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  30. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality rates, where the inflammatory response is crucial to its progression and prognosis. Efferocytosis, the prompt removal...

    Authors: Yu-sha Liao, Tie-chun Zhang, Yu-qi Tang, Pei Yu, Ya-ning Liu, Jing Yuan and Ling Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a neurological condition characterized by a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities that falls between normal aging and dementia. Along with some biomarkers like GAP-43, Aβ...

    Authors: Mohammad Sadeghi, Ali Azargoonjahromi, Hamide Nasiri, Arash Yaghoobi, Maryam Sadeghi, Seyedeh Saeideh Chavoshi, Shilan Baghaeikia, Nastaran Mahzari, Arina Valipour, Romina Razeghi Oskouei, Farshad Shahkarami, Fatemeh Amiri and Mahsa Mayeli
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Discovery of novel post-translational modifications provides new insights into changes in protein function, localization, and stability. They are also key elements in understanding disease mechanisms and devel...

    Authors: Hiroshi Ageta, Tomoki Nishioka, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Kunihiro Tsuchida and Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:57
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  35. Several prior studies have proposed the involvement of various brain regions and cell types in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology. Here, we performed snRNA-seq on the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate r...

    Authors: Mohammad Dehestani, Velina Kozareva, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Ernest Fraenkel, Thomas Gasser and Vikas Bansal
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:56
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  37. NVA1309 is a non-brain penetrant next-generation gabapentinoid shown to bind Cavα2δ at R243 within a triple Arginine motif forming the binding site for gabapentin and pregabalin. In this study we have compared...

    Authors: Ivana A. Souza, Maria A. Gandini, Md Yousof Ali, Franz Kricek, George Skouteris and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:54
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  38. Human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells may be used to create 3D tissues called brain organoids. They duplicate the physiological and pathological characteristics of human brain tis...

    Authors: Ying Su, Aimei Liu, Hongguang Chen, Qingjie Chen, Bo Zhao, Runze Gao, Kangwei Zhang, Tie Peng, Zhenwang Zhang, Changhan Ouyang and Dan Zhu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:53
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Activation of astrocytes after sensory stimulation has been reported to be involved in increased blood flow in the central nervous system. In the present study, using a chemogenetic method to induce astrocyte ...

    Authors: Takashi Ogino, Masakazu Agetsuma, Masato Sawada, Hiroyuki Inada, Junichi Nabekura and Kazunobu Sawamoto
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:52
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  40. This study explores the behavioral effects of modulating CaMKII-positive (CaMKII+) neurons in the posterior hypothalamus (PH). Utilizing a chemogenetic approach in mice, we discovered that the activation of Ca...

    Authors: Changwoo Lee, Changsu Woo, Gyeong Ryeong Ma, Kyuhyun Choi, Shin Jung Kang and Ki Soon Shin
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Neuroactive steroids (NASs) directly affect neuronal excitability. Despite their role in the nervous system is intimately linked to pain control, knowledge is currently limited. This study investigates the per...

    Authors: Soon-Gu Kwon, Hoon-Seong Choi, Seo-Yeon Yoon, Dae-Hyun Roh and Jang-Hern Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:50
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  42. Neurexin-3 (Nrxn3) has been genetically associated with obesity, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of Nrxn3 in the paraventricular nucleus ...

    Authors: Mingdao Mu, Haoyu Sun, Shuyan Geng, Tianxiang Xu, Chuanyao Sun, Zixu Zhang, Sibie Meng, Moyi Li, An Liu, Zhiyuan Yang and Wei Xie
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:49
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  43. Stroke is a significant global burden, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. In metabolic states where glucose is limited, ketone bodies, predominantly β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), act as alternative fuel sou...

    Authors: Ge Feng, Zongkai Wu, Leyi Yang, Kaimeng Wang and Hebo Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:48
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. In this study, we examined how systemic inflammation affects repair of brain injury. To this end, we created a brain-injury model by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern componen...

    Authors: Sushil Gaire, Jiawei An, Haijie Yang, Keon Ah Lee, Manisha Dumre, Eun Jeong Lee, Sang-Myun Park and Eun-Hye Joe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) serves as a central hub for descending pain modulation. It receives upstream projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventrolateral orbitofront...

    Authors: Wing Lam Yu, Zizhen Zhang and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:46
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  46. Identifying sensitive and specific measures that can quantify myelin are instrumental in characterizing microstructural changes in neurological conditions. Neuroimaging transcriptomics is emerging as a valuabl...

    Authors: Jaimie J. Lee, Paulina S. Scheuren, Hanwen Liu, Ryan W. J. Loke, Cornelia Laule, Catrina M. Loucks and John L.K. Kramer
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:45
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  48. Dorsal switch protein 1(DSP1), a mammalian homolog of HMGB1, is firstly identified as a dorsal co-repressor in 1994. DSP1 contains HMG-box domain and functions as a transcriptional regulator in Drosophila melanog...

    Authors: Si-Eun Baek, Younghwi Kwon, Jong-Won Yoon, Hyo-Sung Kim, Jae-Yoon Yang, Dong-Seok Lee and Eunbyul Yeom
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:43
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  50. The cerebellum plays an important role in cognitive and social functioning. Childhood damage in the cerebellum increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Cerebellar inflammation induces social avoidance i...

    Authors: Ayumu Inutsuka, Aisa Hattori, Masahide Yoshida, Yuki Takayanagi and Tatsushi Onaka
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:41
    Content type: Micro report Published on:
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